What is Ptosis (Droopy Eyelid)? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Explained

Daniel Ezra, 20 August 2026

Have you noticed that one upper eyelid sits lower than the other or that one eye appears smaller in photographs? While this may seem like a normal sign of ageing, it could actually be a condition known as ptosis, or a droopy eyelid.

Ptosis occurs when the upper eyelid droops lower than normal. Depending on its severity, it may simply affect the appearance of the eyes or interfere with vision and everyday activities such as reading or driving.

Although ptosis is most commonly associated with ageing, it can also be present from birth or develop as a result of injury, previous eye surgery or certain medical conditions. Understanding the underlying cause is important, as treatment varies from person to person.

In this guide, we explain what ptosis is, the different types and causes, the symptoms to look out for, and the treatment options available.

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What Is Ptosis?

Ptosis (droopy eyelid) is the medical term for a drooping upper eyelid. It occurs when the levator muscle, which is responsible for lifting the upper eyelid, becomes weakened, stretched or does not function as it should. As a result, the eyelid sits lower than its normal position.

The condition may affect one eye or both eyes and can range from mild to severe. In some people, the drooping is barely noticeable and is mainly a cosmetic concern. In others, the eyelid may partially cover the pupil, making it more difficult to see clearly.

Some people are born with ptosis because the levator muscle did not develop fully before birth. Others develop the condition later in life, most commonly as part of the natural ageing process. Regardless of the cause, an assessment by an experienced oculoplastic surgeon can help determine the most appropriate treatment.

Types of Ptosis and What Causes It

Ptosis can develop for several different reasons. Some people are born with the condition, while others develop it later in life due to ageing, injury or certain medical conditions. Understanding the type and underlying cause of ptosis is an important part of diagnosis, as it helps determine the most appropriate treatment.

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Congenital ptosis

Congenital ptosis is present from birth and is caused by incomplete development of the levator muscle, which is responsible for lifting the upper eyelid. The severity can vary considerably. While some children have only mild drooping, more significant cases may interfere with normal visual development and require treatment at an early age.

Age-related (acquired) ptosis

This is the most common type of ptosis. As part of the natural ageing process, the tendon or muscle that lifts the upper eyelid gradually stretches or weakens, causing the eyelid to droop over time. The condition often develops slowly and may affect one or both eyes.

Trauma or previous eye surgery

Ptosis can sometimes occur after an injury to the eyelid or surrounding structures. In some cases, previous eye procedures, including cataract surgery, may also affect the muscles or tendons responsible for lifting the eyelid, resulting in drooping.

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Neurological or muscle conditions

Less commonly, ptosis is caused by conditions affecting the nerves or muscles that control eyelid movement. Examples include myasthenia gravis, third nerve palsy, Horner syndrome and myotonic dystrophy. Although these conditions are uncommon, they should be considered if ptosis develops suddenly or is accompanied by symptoms such as double vision, muscle weakness or other neurological changes.

Other rare causes

Rare congenital conditions, such as Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome, can also cause ptosis. In addition, certain medical conditions that affect muscle or nerve function may contribute to a drooping eyelid. A thorough assessment by an experienced specialist can help identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

How Do I Know If I Have Ptosis? Common Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of ptosis vary depending on how severe the drooping is. Some people only notice that one eyelid sits slightly lower than the other, while others experience more significant problems that affect their vision and everyday activities.

In mild cases, ptosis may simply create the appearance of tired or uneven eyes. However, as the eyelid droops further, it can begin to block the upper part of your vision, making activities such as reading, driving or using a computer more difficult.

Common symptoms of ptosis include:

  • One upper eyelid sitting lower than the other.
  • A tired, heavy or sleepy appearance around the eyes.
  • Difficulty keeping one or both eyes fully open.
  • A reduced upper field of vision.
  • Frequently raising the eyebrows to lift the eyelids.
  • Tilting the head backwards to see more clearly.
  • Forehead discomfort or headaches caused by muscle strain.
  • Eye fatigue, particularly after reading or other visually demanding tasks.

If you notice a drooping eyelid that develops suddenly, worsens over time or is accompanied by symptoms such as double vision or muscle weakness, it is important to seek medical assessment. Identifying the underlying cause early helps ensure you receive the most appropriate treatment.

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How to Fix Ptosis

Treatment for ptosis depends on the underlying cause, the severity of the drooping and whether your vision is affected.

Mild cases that do not cause functional problems may simply be monitored over time. In selected patients, non-surgical options such as prescription eye drops or a ptosis crutch attached to glasses may provide temporary improvement, although these treatments do not correct the underlying cause.

For moderate to severe ptosis, surgery is generally considered the most effective long-term solution. The procedure works by tightening or repairing the muscle responsible for lifting the upper eyelid, restoring its natural position while improving both vision and appearance.

If you are considering treatment, visit our Droopy Eyelid Surgery page to learn more about the procedure, recovery and the results you can expect.

FAQ

Can ptosis be fixed naturally?

True ptosis cannot usually be corrected naturally, as it is caused by weakness or stretching of the muscle or tendon that lifts the upper eyelid. While certain non-surgical treatments, such as prescription eye drops or a ptosis crutch, may temporarily improve eyelid position in selected cases, they do not permanently correct the underlying problem. If ptosis affects your vision or daily life, surgery is often the most effective long-term solution.

Is ptosis permanent?

It depends on the underlying cause. Age-related and congenital ptosis typically do not improve without treatment. However, ptosis caused by temporary factors, such as swelling or certain medications, may resolve once the underlying issue has been addressed. An assessment by a specialist can help determine the cause and the most appropriate treatment.

How do you pronounce ptosis?

The word ptosis is pronounced “TOE-sis”. Although the first letter is written as a P, it is silent, so the word is spoken as “TOE-sis”.

Is ptosis from Botox permanent?

No. Botox-related ptosis is usually temporary. It can occur if the product affects the muscles responsible for lifting the upper eyelid, but the effect gradually wears off as the Botox naturally breaks down. Most cases improve within a few weeks, although recovery time varies from person to person.

Can ptosis affect both eyes?

Yes. Ptosis can affect one eyelid (unilateral ptosis) or both eyelids (bilateral ptosis). In age-related cases, it is common for both eyelids to be affected, although one side may appear more droopy than the other. A specialist examination can determine the cause and severity of the condition.

Is droopy eyelid surgery safe?

Ptosis surgery is a well-established procedure and is generally considered safe when performed by an experienced oculoplastic surgeon. As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks, but complications are uncommon. During your consultation, your surgeon will explain the procedure, discuss any possible risks and answer any questions you may have.

How much does ptosis surgery cost?

The cost of ptosis surgery depends on factors such as whether one or both eyelids require treatment and the complexity of the procedure. Following your consultation, your surgeon will provide a personalised treatment plan together with a detailed quotation based on your individual needs.


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